Lichen planus is more of a chronic discomfort than a serious health concern. However, people with the oral form have a slightly higher risk of developing oral cancer.

Lichen planus is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions that affect both the skin and mucous membranes. It’s thought to be an autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissues.

Factors such as viral infections, allergies, and certain medications can trigger this condition. Keep reading to learn more about overall risk factors, pain levels, treatment options, and more.

Lichen planus is generally uncomfortable but not something to be overly worried about. While it can cause itching, burning, or pain, especially on the skin, mouth, or genital areas, it’s not dangerous or life threatening.

Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and complications like scarring may occur in some areas, particularly in the mouth or genitals.

About 2.4% of people in the general population experience this condition. Treatment options are available.

Most forms of lichen planus, such as those affecting the skin or scalp, are not linked to an increased risk of cancer.

However, one particular type — oral lichen planus (OLP) — has been identified as potentially increasing the risk of oral cancer.

Though the exact reason for this isn’t fully understood, experts believe the chronic inflammation in OLP contributes to abnormal cell growth. Studies show that around 1% to 4% of people with OLP could eventually develop oral cancer.

Individuals who had fewer regular check-ups and were older were found to be at higher risk. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare professional are important to monitor for any changes.

Lichen planus isn’t contagious. It’s an inflammatory condition thought to be related to an autoimmune response, in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues.

Unlike infections caused by bacteria (such as impetigo), viruses (like herpes or chickenpox), or fungi (such as athlete’s foot), lichen planus cannot spread through physical contact or by sharing personal items.

Lichen planus typically causes more itching than pain. For most people, the condition is mildly uncomfortable rather than severely painful.

On the skin, it usually leads to itchy, inflamed bumps, which can become painful if the rash is extensive or irritated. Oral lichen planus, on the other hand, can cause painful sores and a burning sensation in the mouth, making eating and speaking uncomfortable.

Lichen planus is considered a chronic condition, but it doesn’t always last forever.

The skin lesions, often found on the wrists, ankles, and lower back, may clear up on their own within 1 to 2 years, though recurrences are common. Stress, injury, certain medications, and infections can sometimes trigger flare-ups, leading to more discomfort.

Oral lichen planus, however, tends to be more persistent and may not go away completely. This type affects the lining of the mouth and can cause symptoms like pain, sores, or white patches.

In cases of drug-induced lichen planus, symptoms usually resolve once the triggering medication is stopped. While the skin may heal, it can often leave behind hyperpigmentation.

Treatment can help manage the symptoms and reduce discomfort. In many cases, the condition improves or goes into remission over time. However, lichen planus can recur, so regular monitoring and follow-ups with your primary healthcare professional or a dermatologist may be necessary.

Lichen planus is treatable, but treatments primarily focus on managing symptoms rather than curing the condition. The treatment approach depends on the type and severity of the condition.

For skin lichen planus, treatment typically includes topical corticosteroid creams or ointments, oral corticosteroids, and sometimes light therapy.

Doctors manage OLP by prescribing topical corticosteroid gels or oral medications like systemic corticosteroids, and recommending that people avoid irritants such as spicy foods and alcohol.

If lichen planus is drug-induced, stopping the offending medication is essential. However, it’s also important to talk with your doctor before stopping any medications.

Lichen planus isn’t contagious and is generally not considered dangerous on its own. It’s an inflammatory condition affecting the skin and mucous membranes. While skin and scalp lichen planus typically don’t lead to serious issues, oral lichen planus can slightly increase the risk of oral cancer.

Regular check-ups with your primary healthcare professional can help manage the condition effectively. With proper care, you can control lichen planus and maintain a good quality of life.