Whether you have a diagnosis or are curious about your options, this guide answers some of the most common questions about injectable medications for type 2 diabetes.
Injectable medications, specifically glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 medications) — are helping people manage blood sugar, support weight loss, and improve overall well-being.
If the idea of giving yourself a shot sounds intimidating, you’re not alone. These medications are designed with simplicity and ease in mind, often involving a once-weekly, at-home injection with a pen-like device. Read on for answers to commonly asked questions about taking a GLP-1 medication for type 2 diabetes.
Currently, there are several GLP-1 medications available for type 2 diabetes that differ by dosing schedule and duration of action.
| Brand name | Generic name | Dose frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Wegovy | semaglutide | once weekly |
| Ozempic | semaglutide | once weekly |
| Rybelsus | semaglutide | once daily (orally) |
| Mounjaro | tirzepatide | once weekly |
| Zepbound | tirzepatide | once weekly |
| Saxenda | liraglutide | once daily |
| Victoza | liraglutide | once daily |
| Trulicity | dulaglutide | once weekly |
| Byetta | exenatide | twice daily |
| Bydureon BCise | exenatide extended-release | once weekly |
Pramlintide (Symlin) is another injectable drug approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It’s used in conjunction with mealtime insulin shots. Though less commonly used, it works similarly to GLP-1 medications.
GLP-1 medications may help delay gastric emptying, increase feelings of fullness (satiety), lower cholesterol, and lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Unlike insulin and other antidiabetic drugs, injectables do not cause weight gain.
Because they decrease appetite, they may contribute to weight loss by about
- diet
- exercise
- use of other medications
Because of this, GLP-1 medications are suited for people who are overweight. They’re often used in combination with other drugs or insulin to reduce the chance of weight gain.
GLP-1 medications are available in prefilled pens that you administer yourself, similar to administering insulin. They differ by dosage and duration of action.
Your doctor will usually start you off with a low dosage. This will be gradually increased according to tolerance and desired effect.
Here’s how it usually works:
- Frequency: You take most once a week, though some like liraglutide (Victoza) are daily.
- Injection site: These medications are given through subcutaneous injection (under the skin), usually in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.
- Process: You clean the area, dial the dose (if applicable), and inject with a pen that has a very fine needle.
Your doctor or pharmacist can walk you through the first injection or give you a demo, and there are also videos and guides to help.
Gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, occur in many patients. Nausea may lessen over time or by lowering the dose. It may also occur less frequently with weekly medications.
Other side effects may include:
- dizziness
- mild tachycardia or an increased heart rate
- infections
- headache
- indigestion
Some reports link acute pancreatitis with GLP-1 medications, but there’s not enough data to establish a clear causal relationship.
Some GLP-1 medications may cause local skin reactions at the injection site.
Hypoglycemia rarely occurs with GLP-1 medications when used alone. However, adding them to insulin-based therapies may increase risk.
Doctors recommend that people who may become pregnant use contraceptives while taking this medication.
Allergic reactions
People can develop allergies to GLP-1 medications. Signs of a life threatening allergic reaction can include:
- trouble breathing
- facial swelling
- losing consciousness
- feeling lightheaded
If you experience the above signs of anaphylaxis after taking medication, call 911 or your local emergency services.
Injectable GLP-1 medications are expensive. No generic options are currently available.
The price of these medications can vary by pharmacy and by insurance. It’s good to become familiar with the specifics of your prescription drug plan to see which medications may be covered.
Learn more about getting a GLP-1 medication
Check out Healthline’s vetted list of companies to get Ozempic and other GLP-1 medications to support your diabetes journey.
Injectables like GLP-1 medications are used to treat type 2 diabetes. Most of these drugs are given daily or weekly and administered by the person using them.
Like other medications, they may cause side effects, including nausea and diarrhea.
In addition to medication, a doctor may also recommend lifestyle measures such as following a specific diet and adhering to an exercise plan to treat type 2 diabetes.